The Rules and Standard necessary for Design of Opening and Closing Appliances of Yachts whom we can refer are:

• DNV GL – Rules for Classification of Yachts Part 3 Hull Chapter 9 Opening and closing appliances (or any other IACS Rules for Classification of Yachts)

• ISO 14884 For weathertight doors on yachts

• ISO 6042 Ships and marine technology — Weathertight single-leaf steel doors

• ISO 5779 For weathertight hatches

Below is reported an abstract for immediate reference. For the design reference must be made to the full texts of the rules and standards cited.

RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION Yachts

Edition October 2016

Part 3 Hull

Chapter 9 Opening and closing appliances

SECTION 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR OPENINGS AND CLOSING APPLIANCES IN HULL, DECK, COCKPIT AND SUPERSTRUCTURES

2 Doors, hatches and ventilators

2.1 General requirements

2.1.1 Doors, hatches and ventilation ducts including their covers, lock tumblers and securing arrangements shall be adequately dimensioned for their purpose and local design loads. Details are to be submitted for approval.

2.1.2 All doors and escape hatches shall be operable from both sides, see also Pt.4 Ch.11. In addition, emergency exit hatches to open deck shall be designed such that the maximum force needed to open the hatch cover does not exceed 150 N. Acceptable measures to achieve this requirement are the use of spring equalizing, counterbalance or other suitable device on the hinge side to reduce the force.

2.1.3 For weathertight doors on yachts, ISO 14884 and ISO 6042 are considered as guidance. For weathertight hatches, ISO 5779 may be applied.

3 Hull

3.1 General requirements

3.1.1 Openings in the hull shall comply SOLAS Regulation II-1/15-1 External openings in cargo ships. Requirements for shell doors are outlined in Ch.8 Sec.3.

3.1.2 All openings, cut-outs, passages, etc. in the shell shall be lockable , so that no water can enter inside the yacht. This does not apply to cockpit drain pipes, if any.

3.1.3 Regarding inlet and outlet fittings on the shell for the cooling and bilge water as well as sewage lines, see Pt.4 Ch.6.

3.2 Doors in watertight bulkheads

3.2.1 Yachts complying with the requirements for commercial service and that are intended to carry the corresponding certificates, shall be equipped with watertight doors complying with SOLAS II-1 Reg. 13. For yachts below 500 GT or for infrequently used openings, approved hinged doors with acousticand visual alarm locally and on the bridge may be provided as appropriate for the relevant national requirements.

ISO 14884:2015

Large yachts — Weathertight doors — Strength and  weathertightness requirements

THIS STANDARD WAS LAST REVIEWED AND CONFIRMED IN 2020. THEREFORE THIS

VERSION REMAINS CURRENT.

ABSTRACT

ISO 14884:2015 specifies technical requirements for weathertight hinged, sliding, and pantograph doors for

manual and powered operation providing access to accommodation and service areas on large yachts, taking

into account the location of the appliance. This International Standard only considers design loads

applied to the door and transmitted into the frame and the adjacent structure. Loads imparted from the yacht’s

structure into the door or in its associated frame are not considered in this International Standard.

Unframed glazed doors are outside the scope of this International Standard. Forward facing multi-leaf doors on the weather deck are outside the scope of this International Standard. Large yachts are of L greater than or equal to 24 m, in use for sport or pleasure and commercial operations. The appliances considered in this International Standard are primarily those that are intended to achieve weathertightness as required by International Convention on

Load Lines 1966 as amended by the Protocol of 1988 (ICLL), (i.e. those fitted in position 1 and position 2) as

defined in this regulation.

NOTE This International Standard is based on the experience of ship door, window, and glass manufacturers,

shipbuilders, and authorities who apply to ships the regulations of the ICLL, noting the provisions of Article 8

“equivalents”, as agreed by the appropriate marine administration

ISO 6042:2015 specifies the main dimensions, materials, quality and conditions of manufacture for weathertight single-leaf steel doors for application on board ships, in order to ensure interchangeability of the steel doors. The remaining dimensions, welding, and other details are left to the manufacturer.

These doors generally conform to the requirements of the International Convention on Load Lines 1966 (ICLL66). The possibility for application of the doors to position 1 and position 2 has to be considered for each situation and, where necessary, the doors shall be provided with additional stiffening (see also Table 1).

Users of this ISO 6042:2015 should note that while observing the requirements of this International Standard they should, at the same time, ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules, and regulations as may be applicable to the individual ship concerned.

Specifies the allowable positioning of windows according to ISO 3903, applicable for passenger and cargo ships. Annexes give a formula for calculation of design pressure and present simplified graphs for positioning of windows.

Ing. Mario Fierro